Website security lock icon
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Assessing Website Security Considerations
It is unfortunate, but there are several ways in which website security can be compromised. For example, security risks exist which impinge on Web servers and LANs (local area networks) on which Web sites reside, even by the ordinary use of a Web browser.
Web Masters bear the brunt when managing the most significant risks. As soon as a Web server is installed at a site, a porthole comes into being in the local area network through which anyone using the Internet can look. Naturally, for the most part website visitors look at no more than what they are supposed to look at, but a handful of them attempt to find areas of the site which aren't intended to be visible to the general public. Dishonest visitors aspire to do more than just look; they attempt to unlock the window and sneak through. The harm they could inflict might be mere vandalism, for instance replacing the website's home page with one of theirs which could say or display absolutely anything at all, or else it could be robbery, such as stealing a customers or sales database.
It's difficult to evade the likelihood that complex software has bugs. Regardless of how systematically it is tested, there is usually a certain order of events or user actions, even though it might be rare, that causes a fault. Computer software bugs produce gaps in system security. A Web server is involved software that may very probably contain a security defect.
It's not merely the complexity of a Web server that may cause a problem, but also its open architecture. Think about a CGI script as a case in point. A CGI script can be run at the server in answer to a remote request from a client. This could be a request from a program or even the click of a button in a browser. If the CGI script contains a bug, there will be a risk of a security breach.
Network Administrators also have to handle problems from Web servers on account of the risk they pose to the security of the local area network. Although there should be no unauthorised intrusions, access has to be granted to web site visitors. This means that access to the network has to be regulated. The Administrator therefore must perform a delicate balancing act. Even the most robust firewall can be undermined if the Web server is configured badly. By the same token, normal use of the web site may be impossible if the firewall is configured badly. Arriving at an ideal solution is still more tricky if an intranet exists as an element of the system. Normally, the Web server in that case needs to be configured to identify and authenticate domains and user groups, which are likely to have differing permission levels and access rights.
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Almost anyone using a browser to surf the Net trust that they're doing it incognito and in safety. It is not the case. Web browsers may process autonomous software programs on the client machine that are located on a web site. Current browsers show a notice and request authorisation to execute such programs. Identified commonly as "active content", e.g., ActiveX controls or Java applets, these programs, if malicious, can easily leave a virus or other hazardous software on the browser user's computer. As soon as it's in the system it can cause all kinds of havoc and may be exceedingly hard to get rid of.
This is also a worry for Network Administrators. Web browsers supply a path for possibly malicious software to permeate through the local area network's firewall. When it is in the system, the damage it is able to inflict can extend from covertly stealing confidential data to wanton demolition.
Aside from the issues surrounding active content, just browsing the Net leaves a trail of the user's activities in the browser's history. This can be utilised by web sites and installed programs to determine an exact profile of the user's behaviour and interests. Though this might be considered an invasion of privacy by some, it can be helpful by offering appropriate subject matter instantaneously, thus unburdening the user of the task of searching for it.
Secrecy is an issue which worries not only browser users but also Web Masters and Network Administrators during the actual transmission of data via the Web. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the fundamental language of communication for the Net. When it was created, security wasn't the principal factor of its blueprint. Both network and Internet transmissions should therefore not be considered as essentially private. Any time the browser on a local machine downloads a sensitive file from the remote Web server, or the browser user completes a form with private data and clicks the 'Submit' button, the transmitted data may be intercepted without authorisation.
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